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The behaviorist movement began in 1913 when john watson wrote an article entitled psychology as the behaviorist views it which set out a number of underlying assumptions regarding methodology and behavioral analysis.
Stimulus and response behaviorism. That hypothesis has been supplanted by one that holds that the insect has a central nervous system with built in patterns of behaviour or instincts that can be triggered. Stimulus response theory is a concept in psychology that refers to the belief that behavior manifests as a result of the interplay between stimulus and response. A change in the environment is the stimulus.
According to theoretical behaviorism a state is a set of equivalent histories i e past histories in which members of the same stimulus class produce members of the same response class i e b. Behaviorists believe humans learn behaviors through conditioning which associates a stimulus in the environment such as a sound to a response such as what a human does when they hear that sound. Stimulus response coordination the simplest type of response is a direct one to one stimulus response reaction.
In single celled organisms the response is the result of a property of the cell. The behaviorists embarked on a program of reformulating the mentalist conceptions of psychology into systems of behavioral responses to stimulus and longer term products of reinforcement through conditioning. Itself by responding to the stimuli it receives.
In particular the belief is that a subject is presented with a stimulus and then responds to that stimulus producing behavior the object of psychology s study as a field. The reaction of the organism to it is the response. It s a theoretical perspective whereby behavior and learning are explained and described according to stimulus response relationships.
In perceptual psychology a stimulus is an energy change e g light or sound which is registered by the senses e g vision hearing taste etc and constitutes the basis for perception. Thorndike was one of the first psychologists to explain the stimulus response theory of learning. Behaviorists like edward thorndike believe that learning boils down to two things.
Skinner s concept of the operant. Behaviorism is only concerned with observable stimulus response behaviors as they can be studied in a systematic and observable manner. Conditioned stimuli are thus seen to control neither stimulus nor response but state.
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